U.S. Troops Burning the Cole House and Plantation

Opposite Harrison's Landing, James River, on the night of August 1, 1862.
 
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August 1 , 1862
       Rain. I went down to the landing to ascertain the effect of the rumpus last night. I could plainly see and count twenty seven Rebels at the Cole house across the river. They were no doubt looking for sunken vessels or steamers in the James, but none were found for their shot and shell had been thrown away for nothing. All the vessels and steamers had moved down river early this morning, but were anchored in a safer position below Herring Creek. The gunboats alone were in the river opposite the landings and I wondered why they did not shell the Cole house now as the Rebels were plainly seen in the cupola of the tower without the aid of glasses. But they did not man the guns, and I was disappointed accordingly. During the attack last night ten men and thirteen horses were killed, besides fifteen more wounded, some mortally. Several contrabands were also killed and wounded. The loss was mainly in Averill's cavalry. They were now moving their quarters farther back from the river. Many of our vessels and steamers were struck, but not much damage done, as the Rebels aimed quite high, and did not have time to play their "little game" long, before the screeching shells from our gunboats scattered them in the woods. . . .

     At 5:30 p.m., 1800 of our troops were assembled at Westover wharf, who soon embarked on three or four steamers. A large detail of axemen went with them and under cover of the gunboats, the crews of which were "all at quarters." The force steamed across, landed at the ruined wharf, deployed, and went over the hill to the Cole house. This was set on fire, and soon the flames streamed out of every window and wrapt the fine dwelling in sheets of fire. The sun had just set, and the scene was grand.

     I made a sketch on the spot. The axemen now felled the trees, destroyed the outbuildings, and the fire caught in the dry timber and brush, and at 6:30 p.m. the whole opposite bluff was a sheet of fire and smoke, which burnt clean over twenty acres of ground before morning. The troops were withdrawn at 10 p.m. while the fire raged unobstructed all night. I did not leave the landing until 9:30 p.m. The fire at this time had demolished the house and outbuildings and the woods were burning fiercely. The river was lit up for miles, and the rigging of the vessels shone like gold. Many officers and men came from their camps to see the fine sight. We had a fine serenade at headquarters . . . and whiskey punch flowed freely. General Kearny's favorite air is "The Mocking Bird," and the band leaders know that if this tune is well played they will be furnished whiskey "ad libitum." So we have this fine piece played over repeatedly, or as long as the musicians can see his instrument. Sometimes the whiskey prevents his so doing, when the band is dismissed without thanks.

     The camps have now a neat and compact appearance and they are all sheltered from the sun as much as possible in woods. The work on the defenses still continues, and the troops are drilled every day when the weather permits.

August 5, 1862
 

     Fine but very hot in afternoon 93 degrees. . . . We cannot move anywhere at present as the 2,000 sick hamper us. They cannot be transported in wagons or ambulances when we leave here. Our headquarters, as well as the camps, are infested with thousands of flies, which are nearly as large as bees and sting nearly as bad. While eating our meals, the flies are so thick that we have to blow them off our food before putting [it] in our mouth.

     They settle in hundreds among the brush, which composes the roof of our mess house. We explode loose powder under them, which brings down a shower of dead and wounded. Still there are just as many more in a few minutes afterwards. I had two trees cut in front of my tent, on the stumps of which I made a sort of trough with stiff paper, [which] was filled with powder. The flies lit on the stump in the thousands to get at the running sap, [and] piled up on each other three deep, completely covering the top. With a piece of touch-paper fastened to the end of a long switch or twig, I would blow these fellows up several times a day. But still there were just as many more there ten minutes afterwards! We are not much troubled with mosquitoes, as we are on the edge of the woods, and no grass is on the plain in our front for them to hide in. The camps of 38th and 40th [New York] are infested with mosquitoes, as they are near Rawlins Mill pond and the marshy ground which is around its borders. We had a fine moonlit night, and the 1st New York Regimental band serenaded our headquarters until 11:30 p.m. All was gay and festive, and a new box of lemons were used for making the "military punch."

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